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As of 2013, roughly 3,106 living and fossil termite species are recognised, classified in 12 households. The infraorder Isoptera is split into the following clade and family groups, showing that the subfamilies in their respective classification:26

Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is reduced in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, where over 400 species are known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently categorized, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are really abundant in certain regions.

Within China, termite species are limited to mild tropical and subtropical lands south of the Yangtze River.34 In Australia, all environmental groups of termites (dampwood, drywood, subterranean) are endemic to the country, with over 360 categorized species.34.

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Due to their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cool or cold habitats.36 There are three ecological groups of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous woods, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse regions.34 One species in the drywood group is that the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which is an invasive species in Australia.37.

Termites are generally small, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59 in) in length.34 The biggest of extant termites are the queens of those species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring up to over 10 centimetres (4 in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, thrived in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0 in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98 in).39note 1.

Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind as they do not have a pair of eyes. But some species, like Hodotermes mossambicus, haveCompound eyes that they utilize for orientation and also to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.

Termite antennae have a number of functions such as the sensing of taste, touch, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three primary segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles.

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Consistent with insects, the anatomy of the termite thorax consists of three segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a pair of legs. On alates, the wings are located at the mesothorax and metathorax. The mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .

Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen with two plates, the tergites and also the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a pair of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are similar to people in cockroaches but are more simplified. By way of instance, the intromittent organ is not present in penile alates, and the sperm is either immotile or aflagellate.

Unlike in other termites, Mastotermitidae females have an ovipositor, a characteristic strikingly like that in female cockroaches.48.

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The non-reproductive castes of termites are wingless and rely exclusively on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only to get a short amount of time, and therefore that they also rely on their own legs. The appearance of the legs is comparable in each caste, but the soldiers have bigger and thicker legs.

The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg fluctuates. Some species of termite have an arolium, found between the claws, which is present in species which climb on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.

Unlike in ants, browse this site the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equivalent length.2 the majority of the time, the alates are poor stocks; their technique would be to launch themselves in the air and fly in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to larger termites, smaller termites cannot fly long click this site distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain at a ideal angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to the body.51.

Caste system of termites A King B Queen C Secondary queen D Tertiary queen Soccer Infection F Worker

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Worker termites undertake the most labour within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Employees are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in food and are thus the most likely caste to be found in infested timber. The process of worker termites feeding other nestmates is popularly known as trophallaxis.